![A 3-D printed spine created from a clinical CT scan of a patient with a spinal deformity. [site:name]](https://engineering.ucsf.edu/sites/g/files/tkssra551/f/styles/large/public/research/Systems%2C%20Compositions%2C%20and%20Methods%20for%20Local%20Imaging%20and%20Treatment%20of%20Pain.png?itok=HciOCUAT)
This invention of local imaging and treatment of pain pertains generally to imaging of tissues associated with skeletal joints. More particularly, it relates to the identification and/or characterization of localized factors associated with musculoskeletal pain using labeled markers and related imaging tools. The application includes a method for conducting a medical procedure on intervertebral discs in the spine of a patient who experiences back pain that originates from a damaged vertebral disc, particularly due to degenerative disc disease. The application also includes the therapeutic procedure adapted to the source of pain. The technology uses X-ray, MRI and ultrasound imaging systems configured specifically to locate pain factors.