This invention of local imaging and treatment of pain pertains generally to imaging of tissues associated with skeletal joints. More particularly, it relates to the identification and/or characterization of localized factors associated with musculoskeletal pain using labeled markers and related imaging tools. The application includes a method for conducting a medical procedure on intervertebral discs in the spine of a patient who experiences back pain that originates from a damaged vertebral disc, particularly due to degenerative disc disease. The application also includes the therapeutic procedure adapted to the source of pain. The technology uses X-ray, MRI and ultrasound imaging systems configured specifically to locate pain factors.